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用人单位与员工签订的“放弃缴纳社保”的声明或协议有效吗？

用人单位与员工签订的“放弃缴纳社保”的声明或协议有效吗？
侯铁男
律师
律师观点 原创文章

        用人单位与员工之间签一份“放弃缴纳社会保险”的声明或协议，这种现象并不少见。那么问题来了：这种声明或协议条款有效吗？因未缴纳社保解除劳动关系，劳动者可以依据《劳动合同法》第四十六条第一项索要经济补偿金吗？

       

        实务当中尽管存在争议，但基本遵循一个处理原则：从民事角度和企业应承担的社会责任角度两方面考量。

        

        首先，要看该份声明是否存在欺诈、胁迫、趁人之危等非公平自愿情形。如因劳动者本人原因，自愿放弃该项权益，或者另外领取了企业支付的补助，根据诚信原则，劳动者不能在离职时，依据《劳动合同法》第四十六条第一项的规定索要经济补偿金。如果属于劳动者非自愿签署，那此声明或协议自然是无效的，劳动者离职时，用人单位补缴社保和给付经济补偿金都是必然。

       

        其次，要明确：企业为员工缴纳社会保险是法定的强制性义务，不容双方协议免除，劳动者享有要求用人单位为其补缴社保的权利。当然，同时，如果领取了企业的保险补助金等，应退还企业。

    

        相关法律依据：

        1、《劳动合同法》第四十六条：有下列情形之一的，用人单位应当向劳动者支付经济补偿：


（一）劳动者依照本法第三十八条规定解除劳动合同的；

（二）用人单位依照本法第三十六条规定向劳动者提出解除劳动合同并与劳动者协商一致解除劳动合同的；

（三）用人单位依照本法第四十条规定解除劳动合同的；

（四）用人单位依照本法第四十一条第一款规定解除劳动合同的；

（五）除用人单位维持或者提高劳动合同约定条件续订劳动合同，劳动者不同意续订的情形外，依照本法第四十四条第一项规定终止固定期限劳动合同的；

（六）依照本法第四十四条第四项、第五项规定终止劳动合同的；

（七）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。

       

         2、《劳动合同法》三十八条：用人单位有下列情形之一的，劳动者可以解除劳动合同：


（一）未按照劳动合同约定提供劳动保护或者劳动条件的；

（二）未及时足额支付劳动报酬的；

（三）未依法为劳动者缴纳社会保险费的；

（四）用人单位的规章制度违反法律、法规的规定，损害劳动者权益的；

（五）因本法第二十六条第一款规定的情形致使劳动合同无效的；

（六）法律、行政法规规定劳动者可以解除劳动合同的其他情形。

用人单位以暴力、威胁或者非法限制人身自由的手段强迫劳动者劳动的，或者用人单位违章指挥、强令冒险作业危及劳动者人身安全的，劳动者可以立即解除劳动合同，不需事先告知用人单位。

        

        3、《社会保险法》第五十八条：用人单位应当自用工之日起三十日内为其职工向社会保险经办机构申请办理社会保险登记。

        

        4、《社会保险法》第六十条：用人单位应当自行申报、按时足额缴纳社会保险费，非因不可抗力等法定事由不得缓缴、减免。职工应当缴纳的社会保险费由用人单位代扣代缴，用人单位应当按月将缴纳社会保险费的明细情况告知本人。

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2020-03-17 12:51:49
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